Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Scientific Sources that May Support Perpetual Motion Theories

 D. Halliday & R. Resnick, Fundamentals of Physics, second edition, extended version (John Wi- ley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1981) p. 181.
Abstract:
Both angular momentum and momentum are generally accepted by scientists to be conserved values, and both of these variables are contained within the equation L = r x p (variables are as defined in the reference work). Assuming that the implied rotation occurs around a fixed central point, the magni- tudes of angular momentum and momentum cannot both be conserved when the magnitude of the radius changes. The generally accepted principle is that the magnitude of the momentum must change in order to conserve angular momentum. However, it is logically proven that it is the magni- tude of the component of momentum perpendicular to the radius that must be conserved [Note by Nathan Larkin Coppedge: This is not indicative by itself, but it suggests 'momentum = mass X velocity', which in turn indicates momentum is not just motion, but also requires mass. This in turn implies that if a wide range of masses are considered, momentum is almost independent of velocity, and could be seen as depending almost exclusively on mass if mass were the dominant factor. This in turn shows that if momentum is any indicator of energy, energy being dependent on mass, then energy may be seen as coming from Newtonian masses.]
Introduction:
While working on a project that did not achieve the results predicted, I discovered this oversight within the laws of physics.
Proof:
For the equation L = r x p1, assuming that the implied rotation occurs around a fixed central point which we will refer to as the center of rotation. We also refer to the vector r as the radius.
Premise 1:
There is a force at all times directed from the point mass along the radius toward the center of rota- tion (centripetal force).
Premise 2:
A change in the magnitude of the radius is conducted by altering the magnitude of this force.
Premise 3:
There can be no component of this force perpendicular to the radius.
Premise 4:
In order to affect the magnitude of the component of momentum perpendicular to the radius, one must apply a parallel component of force (Newton’s first law).
Deduction:
A change in the magnitude of the radius cannot affect the magnitude of the component of momentum perpendicular to the radius.
Conclusion:
In the equation L = r x p, assuming that the implied rotation occurs around a central point, it is the cross product of momentum (x p) element of the equation that must be conserved when the magni- tude of the radius changes.
[References: As Stated.]
Comment on Quora by J Mandlbaur

Elizabeth Gibney. How ‘magic angle’ graphene is stirring up physics Misaligned stacks of the wonder material exhibit superconductivity and other curious properties. NATURE MAGAZINE / 02 January 2019. Feature Article.
The throngs of physicists had come to hear how Jarillo-Herrero’s team at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge had unearthed exotic behaviour in single-atom-thick layers of carbon, known as graphene [that is typically kept at room temperature]… But the MIT team had taken a giant leap by turning graphene into a superconductor: a material that allows electricity to flow without resistance.
[Note by Nathan Larkin Coppedge: I had found a similar result of about 1.1 degrees mixed horizontal and vertical for what I called the Master Angle in an experiment from July 3, 2014 conducted in New Haven].
Magic Angle in Graphene Verified by Scientists

National University of Singapore. Scientists discover how to 'lock' heat in place using quantum mechanics. PHYSORG. July 10, 2019.
A ground-breaking study conducted by researchers from the National University of Singapore (NUS) has revealed a method of using quantum mechanical wave theories to "lock" heat into a fixed position [Perhaps contrary to the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?]…. Ordinarily, a source of heat diffuses through a conductive material until it dissipates, but Associate Professor Cheng-Wei Qiu from the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the NUS Faculty of Engineering and his team used the principle of anti-parity-time (APT) symmetry to show that it is possible to confine the heat to a small region of a metal ring without it spreading over time… In the future, this newly demonstrated phenomenon could be used to control heat diffusion … When the conditions are broken, the system acts conventionally, and the heat is carried forward as the ring rotates.
Scientists discover how to 'lock' heat in place using quantum mechanics
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